Guo Chunqing, Wang Jiajia, Liu Jinglan

(Resource and the Environment Department of Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004)

Abstract: In the western development, the status and the function of southwest the karst area are extremely important by the historically comprehensively inspected, the karst water resources and the environment have become one of many disciplines research and innovation advancing front spots ,which are the present geonomy,the biology, chemistry and the social sciences and so on. It is the key to success through controlling the development's connotation and the way of the southwest karst area's water resources and the environment.

Key words: karst, water resource, environment

1 Introduction

Water resources and the environment are one of hot topics which now pay most attentions in the world. In Southwest karst area, continual using of water resources and the protection of environment are the significant subjects relate the local economy to continual development and the government with various races people pays highly attention to.

In karst area the distributes of karst area China Southwest in Guizhou Province (116,100 km²), Yunnan (108,300 km²), Sichuan (70,300 km²), Chongqing (30,100 km²) and Guangxi and Hubei and the peripheral provincial capital karst area surrounding them (nearly 100,000 km²), which constitute the biggest company piece of dispersal area in China ,approximately 540,000 km² ,composesd 1/20 on the national territory area, the residental population more than 100 million, which is the important national territory unit urgently needs to be developed and governmented. In this karst area, the karst multiple media environment is the primary factor which controls the water resources' accumulation and the distribution rules. Because this karst area is situated at the subtropics, south face to sea, southwest border on Burma, Laos and Vietnam, adding to the particularity of physical geography conditions the karst multiple mediua environment is relatively frail; Again adds on the unsuitable artificial geological function which causes the ecology to suffer broken in this karst area and cause each kind of species resources to reduce or to lose suddenly; especially the soil erosion seriously day by day and often follows with the occurrence of the karst disaster; Creating the overall quality karst multiple medium drops in, and correspondingly has produced the questions of "the geological - hydrology - ecology"; These question which is in various degrees have affected the local society and the economical development.

2 First Ponder

The natural condition, the development history and the social development had decided the present ecological environment situation in the southwest the karst area which has the very big vulnerability

The karst area is the region which suit for the resources development (mining, energy development and water resources, tour sightseeing and fallow with leisure and so on). There are double-layers or multiple composite constructions in the surface of karst area and have the charactristics of bad condition to be soil ,dropout of water source, separation of water and soil,which easy to cause geolog^[1][1]y disasters of barren soil and many pollutions. In May 1983, the American science promotion annual meeting has officially listed the karst environment as frail environment the same with the desert border district which causes great concern of many countries government and the scientists relate to it. Because the character are closed , the folk custom, the vulnerability and outlying, the karst area southwest China the most underprivileged area in the karst area of southwest China is the exposed (half exposed) karst stone mountainous area, which is also a peak clump of hollow area with the bedrock exposed in large areas. The ecology is out of balance, which lacks the soil, the water, the firewood, the grain, and short of money.It is the area extremly difficlt for the human to survive.

The geological foundation, the natural structure, the geographical feature of the karst area Southwest China have decided its situation of economical development and the complexity of structure adjustment. In its society developing processes, the destructiveness to the environment and resources constituted the congenital and posterior vulnerable foundation of the ecological environment southwest karst area. At present, the severity and the frailty of southwest karst ecological environment, obstruct to exert its resources superiority seriously, the introduction of talent, the economical development and the society progressive.

3 Second Ponder

In southwest karst area, water resources and the environment developing government must overcome strategic bottlenecks are as follow: (1).The relations between karst function and atmosphere, water body are close, and the biology, the organic matter involve unceasingly, which creates the environment sensitive, frail, vulnerable; (2). The water resources are rich but the distributions are extremely non-uniformity, exsiting large expanse and centralism area which are lack of the water; (3). Soil quality is lowey, the substance drains seriously, which is diffculty to continue using.

Proposed the new concept of karst multiple media environment may be divided into generalized and the narrow sense; Generalized is refers to water body of the karst area (atmosphere/surface/underground) and the carbonate rocks and the corresponding compound system composd by each kind of natural resource; Its narrow sense is refers to the karst area water body (atmospheric/surface/underground) and the carbonate rocks and the compound system "water-soil-rock" composed by the soil body. The key point to karst multiple media environmental research is taking "the water". As the main body in the multi- criteria environment to study the cyclic process of substance and the energy and it's the effect.

In the karst multiple media environment, the transforms in "three water" are fast and changeable, and the development of overland and the underground karst are variety, which have determined four great essential features of karst water resource:

(1) Special shape association of the overland karst, formed special space for the overland to transportand storage water.

(2) Special moisture medium body of underground karst, formed special underground transportation and storage space.

(3)Special association of geology, hydrology and climatic conditions, created an special way of "three water"changed by integrated circulation and form the special type of water resource.

(4)The special four-dimensional space-time constructs, determined the particularity in space-time of water resource.

Main research contents and key problems of karst water resource are to study the water body move in the different deposit space; Regional atmosphere àoverland (exposed and half exposed stone and mountainàSoil àVegetation) àUnderground (hole, cravity, sewing, crack, pipe) water circulation, change, transmit and multiple composite dynamics modes of overland and underground karst. The water resource forms the evolution rules and systematic function changes rules that "the more water, the flow more " ; Set up the southwest karst area's netted four-dimensional space-time type water circulation dynamics model through taking the overland and underground river system as the main chain. Reveal the water yield's dynamic change and regional differentiation law of different scales of underground and overland integrated basin in southwest karst area ; Launching to store the rainwater resource,to retain the surface water resource , study the pick up and the utilize project of groundwater resources .Key problems solves emphatically about the soil of southwest karst area: ( 1) Follow the principle and method of soil geology to confirm the course of the soil deposits , transforms and transports in the karst area. (2) The development mechanism of soil quality, the differentiation space-time laws and ecological project effect; (3) Soil quality and the corroding index system. Set up the soil quality index system in the southwest karst area, confirm the soil quality differentiation's condition of geological or hydrology geology, explore ecological resumes orientationly and train the project measures.

4 Third Ponders

Set up "accurate karst hydrogeology ", in order to meet the demand of reconnoitring, developing, utilizing the water resource in the southwest karst area.

Launching to the world advancing front subject research which is aim at southwest karst area water resource reconnoitre , develop , utilize .It is mainly include that:

(1) " A workman wants to do his work well, must first sharpen his tools ". Integrate the technology of geophysics reconnoitre and new instrument, set about innovating the instrument and reconnoitring methods which are suitable for southwest karst areato find the water.

(2) The investigation and study of quantification landform and the quaternary geology, take the karst geomorphology - karst hydrology geomorphology - karst water literature - karst hydrogeology as the technical master line, the qualitative quota synthesis investigates and judges the form evolution rules of the karst water resources. (3) Innovating^[2][2] the practical project technology and the method system of the utility of the water resources, space orientation and the develops of water void space body in karst underground river.

( 4) Pay attention to the outdoor investigate combine together with " RS " " GIS ",, " GPS " which is supported with the computer, and the popularization , reseach and application on observes technology and real-time appraise and predict systematic.

5 Fourth Ponders

With developping the abundant water and electricity energy , the western and eastern southwest have common benifits, which is the most important strategic measure of the great development. But in the southwest, it is can be up to more than 200 million kilowatts of water and electricity energy to develop the repose capacity of the carloader machine contains, many large-scale pivots and countless medium and small-scale water conservancy and power pivot, all of which have close relations with the karst, it is also need to research cautiously about all kinds of disaster problems which are evoked by the karst and factors bring out by human activity.

The disaster's developing evolution and interreaction induced by "air"(climate),"land"(karst area), "people" (human geologic process )that studied the main technical indicator is:

( 1) Announce calamity forming process , developping mechanism , space-time differentiation law and the directional trend of development;

( 2) Explore the double or multiple compound structure of surface and groundwater of karst to the pregnant calamity environment and cause the influence mechanism of the calamity factor;

( 3) Assess causing calamity function of human activity;

( 4) Propose the theory and method of the calamity index in the southwest karst area.

Finally will set up the karst calamity quantitative index system in the southwest karst area and appraise method, make and control and manage the countermeasure and measure of the calamity .

6 Fifth Ponder

Based on " river chain "and pay attention to the basin-wide research of big rivers of karst area, through the water circulation and comprehensive research of topographical geology of basin to announce karst area people - water - soil interaction relation and regulation and control mechanism.

"The rivers chain" is a master line. Studiying the Red River basin, the Red River basin is located the north latitude 22°43 ' ~ 26°51 ',The east longitude 102°16 ' ~ 110°14 ', the total area is 144470.00km², in which the Yunnan area of jurisdiction is 49081.04 km², the Guizhou area of jurisdiction is 4459.12 km², the Guangxi area of jurisdiction is 50792.84 km^2. .The carbonate rocks distribution in Red River basin is widespread, which the exposed area occupy the entire drainage area 49.1% and have the complete karst landform type combination, the type of karst buried river was growth integrity (its total reached more than 500), which is confirms the karst water resources investigation, the development, the use is complex but the profound model; and is the best place to study the occourence and development of karst disaster; Adds the Red River can rundle develop the hunman activity parmetic effects, which has become a karst area nature unique, the scientific mechanism is abstruse, the resources use and the environmental protection representative test base.

7 Sixth Ponder

Sustainable development is the eternal theme to develop controlled the southwest karst area, the core of which is developed and utilized the karst water resource safely and rationally and effectively.

According to the type of karst water resources and the characteristic of environment, the sustainable development connotation of southwest karst area water resources has the level much, the position mixed, many space - time and other characteristics, must from satisfy the urgent problem and the forward strategic two big aspects which the karst water resources and the environment comprehensively faces takes steps the work deployment.

Must value the study of natural vulnerability, the disaster vulnerability and the human activity parmetic effect of the karst water resources and the environment definite sustainable development theory pattern of karst water resources and environment. Next, Standardize the behavior of mankind in every development and utilization the karst water resouces,and establish urgently needed system engineering of the karst water resources, strengthens culture system construction of the karst water resources security.

Once more, establishes the target system and the implementation method of the karst water resources reasonable development use (contains water resources science and its method theory system and technical early warning system and so on).

Southwest China the karst area water resources and the environment sustainable development must follow the reginal disparity rule, the background of different place or the identical place in different stage which is different, realization methods respectively different, according to its space and time distribution rule to carry on gradually, therefore,should have a scientific long-term strategic plan.

8 Conclusions

From above all, in southwest China the karst area the relations between the water resources and the environment's development and the local economy's development should be the relations between "the source" and "the water". Therefore, when we formulate and implement the plan of economy development the karst area southwest China must rest on the rule of human coordination,to analyzes characteristic and the question of karst area natural environment profoundly, to recognized the balance rule of the water cycle and the water volume clearly, and take the water and soil protection as the foundation,take the plan as a criterion, which causes the economical development to be rooted in the karst systems science and guaranteed continual development of the economic development .